Terai

Tulsi

seed — Fri, 31 Aug 2018 12:33:00 +0000

Scientific Name

Ocimum oC

6-7.5

Temperature

21oC

Rainfall

high rainfall

Humidity

adequate humidity

Altitude

upto 900 m

Sowing Time

mid february

Seed Rate

For sowing of one hectare about 300g of seeds are required

Spacing

rows 90cm apart at rate of 12 to 15 every 30 cm and cover with soil cover seeds with ¼ inch compost ; sow depth of 2 cm and transplanted at a spacing of 40 × 40 cm, 40 × 50 cm and 50 × 30 cm

Fertilizer Application

Farm yard manure / compost are to be applied at 10 t/ha before planting.
Regarding the inorganic fertilizers application of 120:60:60 kg/ha of NPK is recommended
Half the dose of N and the entire dose of P2O5 and K2O should be given as a basal dose, the remaining N is applied in two split doses after first and second cuttings.

Weeding

first weeding is done one month after planting the second after another 30 days.

Weed Management

no chemical fertilizers used

Irrigation

rrigation is provided twice a week till one month so that the plants establish themselves well. Later, it is given at weekly interval depending upon the rainfall and soil moisture status.

Earthing up and Hoeing

One hoeing and earthing up operation is required at two months after planting.

Harvesting Index

The first harvest is done after 90 days of planting and subsequently it may be harvested at every 75 days interval.

Harvesting

The crop is harvested at full bloom stage by cutting the plants at 15 cm from ground level to ensure good regeneration for further harvests. The yield and oil content is more in plants harvested during bring sunny days.

Recommended Area

Terai

Inner Terai

Potato

aayush — Mon, 06 Aug 2018 12:08:21 +0000

Scientific Name

Solanum tuberosum

5 to 5.5

Temperature

Maximum 30-32°C and minimum 18-20°C Young plants - 24°C Later stage - 18°C Tuber production - 20°C

Sowing Time

Teri, inner terai, basins and valleys – Ashoj-Mangsir Mid hills – Poush-Marg High hills – Falgun-Chaitra

Seed Rate

20-25 quintals per hectare Cut seed or small whole tuber (Saves labor for cutting, prevents seed from rotting in early crop) of ½ to 2 ounces’ size

Spacing

Plant to plant – 20-25cm Row to row – 60-70cm (Provide extra spacing for large varieties) Depth of planting: 4 inches

Fertilizer Application

Apply 20-30 tonnes of well decomposed FYM 2 weeks prior to planting and at the time of planting
Fertilizers: 150-200kg Nitrogen in 3 split application (at basal (1/2) and then twice at the time of earthing up), 75-100kg Phosphorus 150-175kg Potassium, 90kg CaO, and 30kg MgO.

Weed Management

Polyethylene mulch to prevent weeds in rainfed conditions
Hand weeding when the plants are small
Pendimethalin (0.5kg/ha) – pre-emergence
Alachlor – 1-1.5kg/ha
Simazine – 0.5kg/ha
Deep ploughing, timely sowing, band or pocket application of Nitrogen, furrow irrigation, paired rows, intercropping, crop rotation are some common practices.

Irrigation

First light irrigation immediately after planting, drip irrigation can be adapted Then after 30 days in 1-week interval, decrease irrigation after tuber formation Moderate soils – 3 to 4 irrigation Sandy soil – 8 to 12 irrigation

Earthing up and Hoeing

When the plants are 15-22cm high Two weeks after first earthing

Harvesting Index

Haulms start yellowing and falling on the ground

Harvesting

15 days after cutting the haulms (dehaulming) start harvesting – 60-70 DAP Mature potatoes – 15 weeks after planting

Insect

Epilachna beetles, cutworms, Aphids, Leaf hoppers, White grub, Potato tuber moth

Disease

Late blight, Early blight, Black scurf, Bacterial wilt and brown rot, wart disease, mosaic, leaf roll, Common scab

Varieties

Cuphijyoti (high hill, mid hills)

Cuphrisundari (terai, inner terai, river basins, valley)

Dejire, Janakdev, Khumal seto 1, Khumal rato 2, Khumal laxmi, IPY8, Khumal ujjwal, Khumal upahar

Registered – TPS 1, TPS 2

True potato seed/Seedling tuber – HPS 11/67, HPS 7/67, HPS 1/13

Recommended Area

Jute

seed — Sat, 04 Aug 2018 17:15:14 +0000

Scientific Name

Corchorus olitorius & Corchorus capsularis

4.8-5.8

Temperature

25-30 °C

Rainfall

500 mm

Humidity

70%–90%

Sowing Time

February

Seed Rate

Olitorius- 5(Line Sowinng), 7 (Broad Casting) ; Capsularis - 7(Line Sowing) , 10(Broad Casting)

Spacing

Olitorius :25 x 5; capsularis: 30 x 5

Fertilizer Application

Five tonnes of well decomposed farm yard manure is to be applied during last ploughing.
Besides 20 kg per ha each of N, P2O5 and K2O are provided
Apply 10 kg of N at 20 - 25 days after first weeding and then again on 35 - 40 days after second weeding as top dressing. During periods of drought and fertilizer shortage, spray 8 kg of urea as 2 per cent urea solution (20 g urea in one litre of water) on jute foliage on 40 - 45 as well as 70 - 75 DAS.

Weeding

Hand weeding twice on 20 - 25 DAS and 35 - 40 DAS

Weed Management

Fluchloralin can be sprayed at 3 days after sowing at the rate of 1.5 kg per hectare and is followed by irrigation.
Further one hand weeding can be taken up at 30 - 35 DAS.

Irrigation

First irrigation is to be given after sowing and life irrigation on fourth day after sowing. Afterwards irrigation can be given once in 15 days.

Harvesting Index

Jute crop can be harvested from 100 to 110 DAS but can be extended from 120 - 135 DAS depending on local cropping systems

Post Harvest Activities

Jute plants are left in the field for 3 - 4 days for leaf shedding. Then thick and thin plants are sorted out and bundled in convenient size.

Marketing

Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibers and it is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses of vegetable fibers.

Insect

Jute weevil, Jute semilooper, jute hairy caterpillar, mites, mole crickets

Disease

Seedling Blight, Wilt, Hoogly wilt, soft rot, Anthracnose, black band

Varieties

Itahari-1, Itahari-2 (Eastern Terai)

Recommended Area

Terai

sugarcane

seed — Mon, 30 Jul 2018 15:52:06 +0000

Scientific Name

Saccharum officinarum

about 6.5

Temperature

32° to 38°c. It slows down below 25°

Rainfall

at least 1,500 millimeters of rain each year

Humidity

High humidity (80-85%) favours rapid cane elongation during grand growth period. A moderate value of 45-65% coupled with limited water supply is favourable during the ripening phase.

Altitude

Nepal ranks 41st in sugarcane production (2.93 million tons

Sowing Time

i) Early : Dec - Jan ii) Mid : Feb - March iii) Late: April - May, also during June-July

Seed Rate

STP or single eyed set method 750-1MT seed per acre is required.

Spacing

flat bed method: Shallow furrows( 8-10 cm deep) are opened with a local plough or cultivator at a distance of 75 – 90 cm, rige and furrow method: The furrows are made in ‘v’ shape about 80-100 cm. Pit to pit spacing- 1.5x1.5 m

Fertilizer Application

Apply FYM at 12.5 t/ha or compost 25 t/ha.
250:125:125 NPK kg/ha

Weeds

Cynodon dactylon, Sorghum halepense, Panicum spp., Dactylocterium aegyptium, Chenapodium album, Convolvulus arvensis L., Amaranthus viridis

Weeding

3-4 hoeing are required after every irrigation during tillering phase of crop to check crop-weed competition.

Weed Management

Mulch the ridges uniformly with cane trash to a thickness of 10 cm within a week after planting. Pre-emergence application of simazine or atrazine at 1.5-2.0 kg/ha or metribuzine at 1.0 kg/ha or diuron at 2.5-3.0 kg/ha or ametryn at 2.0 kg/ha each followed by 2, 4-D at 0.75-1.0 kg/ha as post-effective for broad-spectrum weed control in sugarcane.
1

Irrigation

Sugarcane requires a lot of water to grow as most C4 plants usually do. But during ripening period high rainfall is not desirable because it leads to poor juice quality, encourages vegetative growth, formation of water shoots and increase in the tissue moisture.

Earthing up and Hoeing

The partial earthing-up is done at 45 days after planting. Full earthing-up is done after 120 days after planting coinciding with the peak tiller population stage. At 150 days after planting, earthing up may be done with spade.

Harvesting Index

approximately 7 to 9 months to mature, or be ready for consumption, Cane harvesting is conducted when the sugar concentration reaches its highest rates

Harvesting

A cane harvester is used to cut down the full stalks, and cut them into smaller sections (around 30 cm).

Marketing

Nepal ranks 41st in sugarcane production (2.93 million tons)

Insect

Early Shoot Borer, Internode Borer, Top Borer, Scale Insect, termites, ants, whitefly

Disease

Red rot, Wilt, Grassy shoot, Smut, Leaf scald disease, Red striped disease, Mosaic disease, Rust, Sugarcane yellow leaf disease

Varieties

Jitpur-4 (Terai and Inner Terai)

Jitpur-3 (Terai and Inner Terai)

Jiptur-2 (Eastern, Mid & Western Terai)

Jitpur-1 (Eastern, Mid & Western Terai)

Recommended Area

Terai

Inner Terai

Amla

seed — Sun, 29 Jul 2018 11:21:03 +0000

Scientific Name

Embelica officinalis

6.5-9.5

Temperature

tolerates freezing temperatures to 46oC

Rainfall

Annual rainfall of 630-800 mm

Sowing Time

July to September

Seed Rate

500gm/ha

Spacing

4.5m x 4.5m

Fertilizer Application

15 kg FYM
225 N
300 P
120 K kg/ha

Weeding

Do frequent weedings to make field weed free. Training and pruning is also done. Criss cross branches are cut and only 4-5 straight branches are left behind for further growth.

Weed Management

Mulching is also an effective way to control soil weeds

Irrigation

require watering during summer months at 15 days interval till they are fully established; in winter, give water through drips @25-30litres/day/tree in October-December month. In monsoon month, it does not require irrigation.

Harvesting Index

The fruits are harvested during February when they become dull g reenish yellow from light green.

Harvesting

harvested using long bamboo poles attached with hooks, by vigorous shaking.

Post Harvest Activities

fter harvesting, grading is done. Then fruits are packed in bamboo baskets or crates or wooden boxes. For the less spoilage of crop perfect packing is done and quick transport is required.

Marketing

Amla pickle, Amla burfi, Murraba & Laddu, Chyawanprash

Insect

Gall caterpillar, Bark Eating Caterpillar : Application of quinalphos @0.01% or fenvalerate @0.05% is given in their holes to protect from insect.

Disease

Rust, Internal necrosis, Fruit rot

Varieties

Banarasi

Chakaiya

Francis

NA-4 (Krishna)

NA-5 (Kanchan)

NA-6

NA-7 (Promising variety)

NA-10

BSR-1 (Bhavanisagar).

Recommended Area

Terai

Inner Terai

Tobacco

weed — Sat, 28 Jul 2018 07:29:31 +0000

Scientific Name

Nicotiana tabacum, N. rustica

5.5-6.5

Temperature

20-30 deg. C for germination and 25-30 deg. C for better growth

Rainfall

1000-1200mm

Humidity

70-80%

Altitude

Terai range

Sowing Time

Ashoj-Mangsir

Seed Rate

2-3g per 10sq. m nursery bed or 2-3kg for 1ha

Spacing

FCV=[80cm x 60cm] and for Belachapi-1 [80cm x 80cm]

Fertilizer Application

Compost @25kg/10 sq. m
NPK @ 40:60:60 kg per ha
For FCV [35:23:60 kg NPK per ha] is national recommendation
for chewing and hookah type [50:70:90 kg NPK per ha]

Weeds

Orobanche

Weeding

15, 30 and 45 DAT; three hand weeding or mechanical hand weeding

Weed Management

Manual weeding

Irrigation

at least two irrigations 30DAT and 50DAT

Harvesting Index

Leaf mature and ripen.Color of leaf starts to change to yellow color and leaves become thick and sticky to touch, 60-70 DAT, Lower leaves start yellowing first.

Harvesting

Lower 2-3 leabes are harvested and upper leaves are harvested only after ripening which may take few weeks depending upon local condition.

Post Harvest Activities

Curing of tobacco is done and ultimately fine tobacco is used to prepare Cigarette, Cigar, hookah, etc

Marketing

Marketed in form of smoking materials like cigarette, cigar, hookah, bidi, tobacco(chewing),etc

Insect

hornworms, flea beetles, aphids, cut- worms, green June beetle larvae, tobacco budworms, and wireworms.
[Proper rabbin during nursery can solve enough problems however IPM may be practiced as per need]

Disease

Alternaria leaf spot (Brown spot) Alternaria alternata[Rotating crop away from tobacco can help to reduce the levels of inoculum in a field; stalks and roots left after harvest should be removed and destroyed; control nematodes in the soil; ensure plants have adequate potassium available to promote vigorous growth.]
Blue mold Peronospora tabacina[Avoid over fertilizing tobacco crop and the use of overhead irrigation which created favorable conditions for the development of the fungus; applications of appropriate protective fungicides is usually necessary to control the disease in temperate and subtropical areas.]
Frogeye leaf spot Cercospora nicotianae [Remove and burn the infected leaves. Follow crop rotation. Keep the field free from weeds. Follow proper crop density. If the disease is severe apply suitable fungicides.]
Black shank Phytophthora parasitica [Rotating the crop away from tobacco for at least one year will help to reduce levels of inoculum; plant tobacco varieties that have some degree of resistance to the disease; apply appropriate fungicides to the soil; plant tobacco in well draining soils; destroy stalks and roots immediately after harvest to reduce overwintering sites for the pathogen; control nematodes in the soil.]
Broomrape Orobanche cernua [Deep summer ploughing helps in exposing weed seeds to sunlight and reduce weed population. Remove the emerged weeds before flowering and burn them (hand weeding). Rotating the crop with sorghum, black gram etc., to reduce weed population.]

Varieties

Belachapi-1 for Terai

Recommended Area

Terai

Cotton

weed — Sat, 28 Jul 2018 05:33:53 +0000

Scientific Name

Gossypium hirsutum

5.5-8.5

Temperature

Seed Germination [16-34 deg. C] Veg. Growth and Dev. [ 25-30 deg. C] Flowering and fruiting [26-32 deg. C] and ensure that "Night should be cool"

Rainfall

at least 500mm of well distributed rainfall [500-1500]

Altitude

Terai and Inner Terai range

Sowing Time

Ashar-Shrawan

Seed Rate

25-30 kg per ha

Fertilizer Application

FYM/ Compost 10-15 t/ha and 60:40:20 kg NPK per ha.
66% of N and whole P and K as basal and remaining dose of Nitrogen is applied during squaring.

Weeds

Giant ragweed, Palmer amaranth

Weeding

20-40 DAS is critical stage for weeding

Weed Management

Smoothering of weeds by mulching with straw / plastic sheets etc.
Use power of hand operated implements for maintaining crop weeed free for initial 8
– 9 weeks DAS.
Pre – emergence application of pendimethalin (0.75 to 1.25 kg a.i/ha) or alachlor (
2.0 – 2.5 kg a.i/ha) or diuron ( 0.75 to 1.5 kg a.i./ha ) or trifluralin ( 0.96 to 1.2 kg
a.i/ha) or pre – plant incorporation of fluchloralin ( 0.9 to 1.2 kg a.i/ha) control both
types of weeds effectively.
At post emergence stage (1.5 to 30 DAS ) Paraquate @ 0.3 – 0.5 lit. a.i/ha may be
applied as direct spray.

Irrigation

Total irrigations 2-10 [ before flowering, during flowering and fruiting and during ripening]

Earthing up and Hoeing

Inter cultivation depends on no. of irrigations, generally carried out after each irrigation.

Harvesting Index

After balls open.

Harvesting

2-3 months for maturation of bolls. It is picked 3-4 times in case of hand picking and 2-3 times in case of mechanised harvesting. First picking when 30-40% of bolls open, second when 30-40% of bolls left after first pickings are opened and third harvest at 2-3 weeks of second picking.

Post Harvest Activities

Cotton bolls are taken safely preventing any contact to moisture and ginning/ delinting action is carried out. The lint and fuzz are used to make various byproducts with lint being of rather a superior quality.

Marketing

Cotton clothes and other byproducts of fuzz are marketed.

Insect

American Bollworm, Pink Bollworm, Spotted/Spiny Bollworm, Aphids, Jassids, Whitefly, Thrips, Red Cotton Bug (Stainer), Leaf worm / Semiloopers
Controlled by seed treatment with Trichoderma spp. @ 4 gm per kg. of seed after acid delinting for soil and seed borne diseases.
Use selective insecticides (Endosulfan) during early fruiting phase of crop growth.
Alternate with various chemical groups (Cyclodine, Organophosphates, Carbamates, Pyrethroids and insect growth regulator).Pyrethroids usage should be restricted to twice (1-2) in the cropping period depending on the incidence of spotted and pink bollworms. Whitefly controlled by . Acetamiprid 30 – 40 gram a.i. / ha ; Thiomethoxam 25 gram a.i / ha

Disease

Angular Leaf Spot or Black Arm Disease
Vascular Wilt Disease
Grey Mildew or Dahiya Disease
Anthracnose Disease
Root Rot Disease
Boll Rot Disease
Leaf Spot or Blight Disease
Reddening or Lalya Disease
2, 4-D Injury Disease
Tobaaco Streak Virus Disease

Virus can be eliminated by taking prevention from their carriers and fungal diseases can be prevented by seed treatment with appropriate fungicides.
The most common problem of boll rot is controlled as: Spray Fenvalerate 75 g a.i./ha + Copper oxychloride 0.2% or Carbendazim 0.1% or Mancozeb ) 0.2% from 45th day at 15 days interval. Two or three sprays are necessary.

Varieties

Tamcot SP-37(Terai and Inner Terai of Mid and Far Western Development Region)

H-777

F-1054

H-1098

H-1054

Recommended Area

Terai

Inner Terai

Mustard

seed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 18:00:54 +0000

Scientific Name

Brassica Campestris

6.5-7.5

Temperature

15° C to 25° C temperature is suitable. For germination stightly high tempratine (27° C) and for growth low temperature is required

Rainfall

areas having 75 to 100cm altitude

Sowing Time

September - October to February - March.

Seed Rate

10-15 Kg/ha

Fertilizer Application

Apply 15 - 20 tonnes of FYM or compost at the time of field preparation.
i. Unirrigated: 40kg nitrogen, 20kg phosphate and 20kg potash.
ii. Irrigated: 40kg nitrogen, 30kg phosphate and 40kg potash.

Weeds

Chenopo dium album (bathua), Lathyrus spp. (chatrimatri), Melilotus indica (senji), Cirsium arvense (kateli), Fumaria parviflora (gajri) and Cyperus rotundus (motha)

Weeding

Weeding and thinning out should be done after third week of sowing. Another weeding should be done in the 6th week of sowing.

Weed Management

application of Nitrofen at the rate of 1-1.5 kg a.i. per hectare or Isoproturon 1 kg a.i. per hectare in 800-1000 litres of water as pre-emergence spray; Spray 2.2 lit fluchlorolin 45 EC mixed with 800lit of water per hectare. After spraying mix the top soil by hoeing.

Irrigation

Two irrigations at pre - bloom and pod filling stages are beneficial.

Earthing up and Hoeing

hand hoeing and thinning out should be done after third week of sowing

Harvesting Index

As soon as the pods turn yellowish - brown, harvest the crop. The crop is liable to shattering, so no delay harvest.

Post Harvest Activities

The harvested crop should be stacked in threshing floor for - 6 days before threshing. The threshed grain is separated from the husk with the help of slow moving natural air current. Cleaned seed must be dried in the sun for four to five days or till the moisture content comes down to 8 percent.mustard has a storage life of 6 - 9 months or sometimes even longer.

Marketing

rapeseed is produced for birdseed and oil for industrial purposes. Industrial varieties of rapeseed are used for non-edible purposes such as lubricants, hydraulic fluids and plastics

Insect

Mustard Sawfly, Mustard aphid, painted bug, cabbage butterfly.
Malathion 50 E.C. in 700 litres of water per hectare or Dimecron 100 ml per hectare; Use healthy seeds for sowing.

Disease

Alternaria Blight, Downy Mildew, White Blister
To control white rust and powdery mildew treat 1kg with 1.5gms metalaxyl, Use seed with high germination (over 90%). Swath badly infected crops early to minimize shattering losses and seed shrinkage due to black spot.

Varieties

Krishna (Terai, Inner Terai)

Pusa Bold (Terai, Inner Terai)

Recommended Area

Terai

Inner Terai

Rapeseed

seed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 17:37:36 +0000

Scientific Name

Brassica napus

6.5-7.5

Temperature

15° C to 25° C temperature is suitable. For germination slightly high tempratine (27° C) and for growth low temperature is required

Rainfall

areas having 75 to 100cm altitude

Sowing Time

September - October to February - March.

Seed Rate

10-15 Kg/ha

Fertilizer Application

i. Unirrigated: 40kg nitrogen, 20kg phosphate and 20kg potash.
ii. Irrigated: 40kg nitrogen, 30kg phosphate and 40kg potash.
Apply 15 - 20 tonnes of FYM or compost at the time of field preparation.

Weeds

Chenopo dium album (bathua), Lathyrus spp. (chatrimatri), Melilotus indica (senji), Cirsium arvense (kateli), Fumaria parviflora (gajri) and Cyperus rotundus (motha)

Weeding

Weeding and thinning out should be done after third week of sowing. Another weeding should be done in the 6th week of sowing.

Weed Management

Irrigation

Two irrigations at pre - bloom and pod filling stages are beneficial.

Earthing up and Hoeing

hand hoeing and thinning out should be done after third week of sowing

Harvesting Index

As soon as the pods turn yellowish - brown, harvest the crop. The crop is liable to shattering, so no delay harvest.

Post Harvest Activities

Marketing

rapeseed is grown for the production of animal feed, edible vegetable oils, and biodiesel

Insect

Mustard Sawfly, Mustard aphid, painted bug, cabbage butterfly.
Malathion 50 E.C. in 700 litres of water per hectare or Dimecron 100 ml per hectare; Use healthy seeds for sowin

Disease

lternaria Blight, Downy Mildew, White Blister
To control white rust and powdery mildew treat 1kg with 1.5gms metalaxyl, Use seed with high germination (over 90%). Swath badly infected crops early to minimize shattering losses and seed shrinkage due to black spot.

Varieties

Morang Tori(Terai and Innar Terai)

Preeti (Irrigated Terai and Inner Terai )

Unnati(Terai, Inner Terai and Irrigated Valley)

Pragati(Terai, Inner Terai & Mid)

Lumle Tori (Mid-High Hill)

Bikash (Terai, Inner Terai)

Recommended Area

Sesame

seed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 17:11:28 +0000

Scientific Name

Sesamum indicum

5.5 to 8.2

Temperature

24-32°C

Rainfall

rainfall of 625-1100mm

Altitude

tropical and subtropical areas up to an elevation of about 1200 metres

Sowing Time

May - June

Seed Rate

2 - 4 kg/ha

Fertilizer Application

Basal application of 4 t of FYM, 16-8-8 Kg N:P, 2O-5 K2O/ha and top dress 6 kg N 30-35 DAS and 60-65 DAS

Weeds

Corchorus olitorius, Amaranthus viridis, Chloris barbata, cynodon, cyperus, celosia

Weeding

two weedings, one after 15 DAS and another 35 DAS are required

Weed Management

If necessary, Alachlor (1.0) or Thiobencarb (2.0) can be used as PRE spray for effective control of weeds. Use of PRE herbicides followed by on hand weeding around 30 DAS is the most appropriate way of weed management in sesame.

Irrigation

at 7 day interval

Earthing up and Hoeing

2 - 4 ploughings and leveling with 2 harrowings adopting 30x15 cm spacing, Thinning should be done 15 DAS and harrowing at 20 - 25 DAS

Harvesting Index

Harvest when 75% pods turn yellow in a spike

Harvesting

one of the gentlest crops on harvesting, snap the main stem over a finger or invert the capsule and press the capsule between your fingers cracking the capsule to release the seed

Post Harvest Activities

Thresh after drying for 5 - 6 days and store the seed with 8% moisture

Insect

Semilooper and pod borer, Gallfly, Bihari hairy caterpillar
Spray Monocrotophos

Disease

Alternria, phyllody, powdery mildew, root and stem rot
Treat the seed with Thiram or Captan or Carbendazim @ 3 g/kg.
* Spray Copper oxy chloride or Mancozeb3g/l.
Removal and destruction of affected plants

Varieties

Nawalpur Khairo Til (Terai, Inner Terai)

Nawalpur Jhuse Til (Terai, Inner Terai)

Recommended Area

Terai

Inner Terai