High Hills

Potato

aayush — Mon, 06 Aug 2018 12:08:21 +0000

Scientific Name

Solanum tuberosum

5 to 5.5

Temperature

Maximum 30-32°C and minimum 18-20°C Young plants - 24°C Later stage - 18°C Tuber production - 20°C

Sowing Time

Teri, inner terai, basins and valleys – Ashoj-Mangsir Mid hills – Poush-Marg High hills – Falgun-Chaitra

Seed Rate

20-25 quintals per hectare Cut seed or small whole tuber (Saves labor for cutting, prevents seed from rotting in early crop) of ½ to 2 ounces’ size

Spacing

Plant to plant – 20-25cm Row to row – 60-70cm (Provide extra spacing for large varieties) Depth of planting: 4 inches

Fertilizer Application

Apply 20-30 tonnes of well decomposed FYM 2 weeks prior to planting and at the time of planting
Fertilizers: 150-200kg Nitrogen in 3 split application (at basal (1/2) and then twice at the time of earthing up), 75-100kg Phosphorus 150-175kg Potassium, 90kg CaO, and 30kg MgO.

Weed Management

Polyethylene mulch to prevent weeds in rainfed conditions
Hand weeding when the plants are small
Pendimethalin (0.5kg/ha) – pre-emergence
Alachlor – 1-1.5kg/ha
Simazine – 0.5kg/ha
Deep ploughing, timely sowing, band or pocket application of Nitrogen, furrow irrigation, paired rows, intercropping, crop rotation are some common practices.

Irrigation

First light irrigation immediately after planting, drip irrigation can be adapted Then after 30 days in 1-week interval, decrease irrigation after tuber formation Moderate soils – 3 to 4 irrigation Sandy soil – 8 to 12 irrigation

Earthing up and Hoeing

When the plants are 15-22cm high Two weeks after first earthing

Harvesting Index

Haulms start yellowing and falling on the ground

Harvesting

15 days after cutting the haulms (dehaulming) start harvesting – 60-70 DAP Mature potatoes – 15 weeks after planting

Insect

Epilachna beetles, cutworms, Aphids, Leaf hoppers, White grub, Potato tuber moth

Disease

Late blight, Early blight, Black scurf, Bacterial wilt and brown rot, wart disease, mosaic, leaf roll, Common scab

Varieties

Cuphijyoti (high hill, mid hills)

Cuphrisundari (terai, inner terai, river basins, valley)

Dejire, Janakdev, Khumal seto 1, Khumal rato 2, Khumal laxmi, IPY8, Khumal ujjwal, Khumal upahar

Registered – TPS 1, TPS 2

True potato seed/Seedling tuber – HPS 11/67, HPS 7/67, HPS 1/13

Recommended Area

Apple

aayush — Mon, 06 Aug 2018 11:46:02 +0000

Scientific Name

Malus pumila

5.5- 6.5

Temperature

21-24°C

Rainfall

100-125 cm

Altitude

1500-2500 masl

Sowing Time

january and february

Fertilizer Application

700:350:700 gram npk/ ha

Weed Management

paraquat and round up weedicides.

Irrigation

basins are irrigated in winter seasons after application of chemical fertilizers

Harvesting Index

firmness of frui t(16-18 l b/square inch pressure. When fruits seperates easily from spurs.

Harvesting

picking of nearly matured fruits is done for distant market and for local market at proper ripening stage

Post Harvest Activities

1. pre-cooling. 2.Grading 3.Storage

Insect

wooly aphid(Eriosoma lanigerum)
Phorate(10-30g) , carbofuran (60kg / ha)

Disease

collar rot disease
Apply mancozeb @ 0.3 to 0.4%
Powdery mildew disease
Apply carbendazin @ 50gm/100 litres of water thrice i.e. during flowering , bud formation and petal fall stage

Varieties

diploid varieties= jonathan, rome beauty, anna, alexander, red canada, red flesh.

Triploid varieties= coxs orange pipin, redjune, winter banana, baldwin, winesap.

Recommended Area

High Hills

Yarshgumba

seed — Mon, 30 Jul 2018 14:50:10 +0000

Scientific Name

Cordycep sinensis

Altitude

elevation of more than 4000m

Harvesting

Pickers use hoes to carefully dig out the soil, and the yarsagumba is pulled out slowly. The soil is put back again so the field is not ruined for next year’s harvest.

Post Harvest Activities

picker cleans the fungus with a toothbrush.A skilled picker may collect 10 to 15 pieces of Yarsagumba in a good day.

Marketing

Yarsagumba has been recognized in Nepal for last thousands of years. It is one of the highly potential medicinal mushrooms in the world. Owi ng to the herb's high efficacy and potency in curing various diseases, it is well known as an important nourishing tonic.

Varieties

CS-4

Recommended Area

High Hills

Rapeseed

seed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 17:37:36 +0000

Scientific Name

Brassica napus

6.5-7.5

Temperature

15° C to 25° C temperature is suitable. For germination slightly high tempratine (27° C) and for growth low temperature is required

Rainfall

areas having 75 to 100cm altitude

Sowing Time

September - October to February - March.

Seed Rate

10-15 Kg/ha

Fertilizer Application

i. Unirrigated: 40kg nitrogen, 20kg phosphate and 20kg potash.
ii. Irrigated: 40kg nitrogen, 30kg phosphate and 40kg potash.
Apply 15 - 20 tonnes of FYM or compost at the time of field preparation.

Weeds

Chenopo dium album (bathua), Lathyrus spp. (chatrimatri), Melilotus indica (senji), Cirsium arvense (kateli), Fumaria parviflora (gajri) and Cyperus rotundus (motha)

Weeding

Weeding and thinning out should be done after third week of sowing. Another weeding should be done in the 6th week of sowing.

Weed Management

application of Nitrofen at the rate of 1-1.5 kg a.i. per hectare or Isoproturon 1 kg a.i. per hectare in 800-1000 litres of water as pre-emergence spray; Spray 2.2 lit fluchlorolin 45 EC mixed with 800lit of water per hectare. After spraying mix the top soil by hoeing.

Irrigation

Two irrigations at pre - bloom and pod filling stages are beneficial.

Earthing up and Hoeing

hand hoeing and thinning out should be done after third week of sowing

Harvesting Index

As soon as the pods turn yellowish - brown, harvest the crop. The crop is liable to shattering, so no delay harvest.

Post Harvest Activities

The harvested crop should be stacked in threshing floor for - 6 days before threshing. The threshed grain is separated from the husk with the help of slow moving natural air current. Cleaned seed must be dried in the sun for four to five days or till the moisture content comes down to 8 percent.

Marketing

rapeseed is grown for the production of animal feed, edible vegetable oils, and biodiesel

Insect

Mustard Sawfly, Mustard aphid, painted bug, cabbage butterfly.
Malathion 50 E.C. in 700 litres of water per hectare or Dimecron 100 ml per hectare; Use healthy seeds for sowin

Disease

lternaria Blight, Downy Mildew, White Blister
To control white rust and powdery mildew treat 1kg with 1.5gms metalaxyl, Use seed with high germination (over 90%). Swath badly infected crops early to minimize shattering losses and seed shrinkage due to black spot.

Varieties

Morang Tori(Terai and Innar Terai)

Preeti (Irrigated Terai and Inner Terai )

Unnati(Terai, Inner Terai and Irrigated Valley)

Pragati(Terai, Inner Terai & Mid)

Lumle Tori (Mid-High Hill)

Bikash (Terai, Inner Terai)

Recommended Area

Timur

seed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 17:11:33 +0000

Scientific Name

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis

5.5

Temperature

adapted to subtropical climate of lower warm valleys of the Himalayas with sufficient rainfall.

Rainfall

sufficient rainfall

Altitude

up to an altitude of 2400 m, and between 700 m and 1000 m

Sowing Time

10–12 months of growth in the nursery, transplanting at May–June if irrigation facilities are available and July–August (monsoon season)

Spacing

50 cm × 50 cm

Fertilizer Application

About 10– 12 tonnes per hectare of FYM (farmyard manure) should be mixed with the soil as a basal dose before transplantation

Weeding

Weeding should be carried out during the initial establishment phase, 30–45 days after transplanting, and again at 60–80 days after transplanting. Later, weeding may be carried out only as and when required

Irrigation

only life-support irrigation is required during the summer months.

Harvesting Index

takes five to seven years to mature. Fruits are collected in May–June. Stem pieces, if needed, may be cut during January–February before the flowers appear

Post Harvest Activities

The herbage and fruits should be dried in shade. The fruits may be cut into pieces for drying and extracting seeds. Well-dried seeds are stored in damp-proof containers.

Marketing

The plant has many medicinal properties. the bark, seed, fruit and leaves are all utilized.

Insect

generally free from insect or nematode attack

Disease

generally free from any disease

Removal and destruction of affected plants

Varieties

Recommended Area

Mid Hills

High Hills

Buckwheat

weed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 11:42:03 +0000

Scientific Name

Fagopyrum esculentum

6.0-7.5

Temperature

18-25 deg. C

Rainfall

300-400 mm

Altitude

Terai to 2800m asl and above

Sowing Time

2800m and above: Bisakh- Jestha 1700-2800m asl:Asar to Shrawan 800-1700m asl: Shrawan to Bhadra 800m asl and below:Bhadra to Ashoj Terai:All Mangsir

Seed Rate

30-60 kg per ha but 60kg per ha for Mithe Fhapar

Fertilizer Application

30:30:0 kg NPK per ha

Weeding

Not needed but can be carried out 25-30 DAS

Weed Management

Not really needed as the crop is somewhat resistant to wheat naturally.

Irrigation

Usually Rainfed but 2-3 irrigations may be followed in higher altitudes

Earthing up and Hoeing

Not really needed but can be carried out during 20-25 DAS

Harvesting Index

60-70% seed hardened

Harvesting

Due to its indeterminate growth, the plant shows irregular development in its life and also within the population . If the harvest is delayed, seeds can shatter due to wind or be dispersed due to invading living organisms (birds, rats etc.). Due to its gradual formation and maturity of seeds, harvesting is done periodically and finally the crop is cut and then threshed when the rest of the seeds are fully matured

Post Harvest Activities

The seeds must be well dried. Over matured seeds when come in contact with high moisture, germinate quickly as the seeds have vivipary characteristics.

Marketing

In the rural areas, honey production can be established based on cultivation of this crop. It is staple crop in Hills as Dhindo.

Insect

bruchids (Acanthecelids obtectus), grain moth
(Cephitinea sp.), cut work (Cirphis spp.), storage beetles
(Mycetophagus sp.) and aphids

Disease

leaf spot
(Septoria polygonicola), smut (Sphacelotheca jagopyri),
root and stem rot (Phytophthora jagopyri), brown leaf
spot (Ascochyta italica), powdery mildew tErysiphe
polygoni), rust tPuccinia jagopyri), root and collar rot
(Sclerotinia libertianai, root rot (Fusarium spp.), stem rot
(Botrytis cinerea), chlorotic leaf spot (Alternaria alternata),
downy mildew (Peronospora ducumeti)

Varieties

Mithe Fapar

Recommended Area

Finger Millet

weed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 11:19:33 +0000

Scientific Name

Eleusine coracana

5-6.5

Temperature

18-300C

Rainfall

350-400 mm

Altitude

Terai to upto 7000 ft. hills

Sowing Time

High Hills: Jestha-Asar Mid Hills: Jestha-Shrawan Tars and Valleys: Baisakh-Asar Terai:Asar-Bhadra

Seed Rate

10-15 kg per ha. If to be sown by broadcasting in field and if Nuresery is to be prepared then 4-5 kg per ha

Fertilizer Application

40:20:20 NPK kg/ha for short duration varieties cultivated under rainfed conditions; 60:30:30 NPK kg/ ha for short & medium duration varieties cultivated under irrigated conditions.
Nitrogen is to be applied as two split 50% as basal and the remaining 50% as top dressing just before first hoeing and weeding so as to incorporate fertilizer into the soil. Entire P 2 O 5 and K 2 are to be applied at the time of sowing

Weeds

Echinocloa, Cyperus

Weeding

25-30 DAT if main crop and twice 2-3 weeks of age and 25 Days of first weeding if the crop is intercropped.

Weed Management

Early weeding of the direct seeded crop is essential for getting good yields.
The 1st hoeing & weeding is done @ 2 to 3 weeks after sowing. When necessary 2nd weeding may be done 15-20 days after irrigation.
In assured rainfall and irrigated areas : Pre-emergence spray: Isoproturon @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha. (Rainfed areas), Oxyflurofen @ 0.1 lta.i /ha (Irrigated areas)
Post-emergent spray; 2, 4 -D sodium salt @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha Spraying around 20- 25 days after sowing effectively control weeds.

Irrigation

Rainfed with proper drainage; Excess irrigation should be avoided. Rabi & Summer ragi should be irrigated at 20-25 days intervals.

Earthing up and Hoeing

Similar to weeding time

Harvesting Index

The grains become hard and Dark brown in color

Harvesting

The plants are cut with sickle and threshing is done to separate the grains/seeds from plant.

Post Harvest Activities

Plucked panicle/ Cut part if collected and condensed in Jute cover for 3-4 days and dried in the sun followed by proper threshing. Condensing the wet grains may lead to rotting of grains so harvesting during dew and rain is prohibited

Marketing

The millets have diverse use like for making famous Dhindo or marketed for fermentation to prepare alcoholic beverages and other.

Insect

Stem borer : spray nursery bed once at 15-20 days after germination with Chloropyriphos or Monocrotophos @ 40ml/ 10 cm nursery area.
Before transplanting apply Phorate @ 0.5kg or Carbofuran 3G 1.2 kg/ha.
Aphids- Spray Methyl Demeton @1000 ml/ha at pre flowering stage.
Ear caterpillars- Dust crop with Malathion 5% @ 25 kg/ha

Disease

blast caused by Pyriculariagrisea is the major problem (By growing resistant varieties like GPU 28, GPU 26 and GPU 48.
Treating seeds with fungicides like carbendazim @ 2g/kg a day before sowing
If necessary spraying the nursery with carbendazim (0.05%) or kitazin (0.1%) or Ediphefos (0.1%) or Saaf (0.2%)
Spray any of the above fungicides at 50 per cent flowering and repeat 10 days later if Kitazin or Ediphenfos were used to control neck and finger blast.)

Other diseases affecting the crop are mottle streak & streak virus, foot rot ( Sclerotiumrolfsii ), downy mildew or green ear (Sclerosporamacrospora ), grain smut ( Melanopsichiumeleusinis )

Varieties

Kavre kodo-1

Dalle-1

Okhale-1

Recommended Area

Inner Terai

Mid Hills

High Hills

Wheat

weed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 11:09:56 +0000

Scientific Name

Triticum aestivum

6.0-7.5

Temperature

10-25 deg C

Rainfall

500-875 mm

Altitude

1500-2900m asl

Sowing Time

Hills: Bhadra-Ashoj Mid-Hills: Kartik-Poush Tars and Valleys: Kartik-Mangsir Terai: Kartik-Poush

Seed Rate

Last Week of Mangsir: 4 kg per Kattha Upto 2nd week of Poush: 4.5 kg per kattha From 2nd week of Poush to end of Poush: 5 kg per Kattha

Fertilizer Application

100:50:25 kg NPK per ha for irrigated
50:50:20 kg NPK per ha for unirrigated land resp.

Weeding

35-40 DAS

Weed Management

2,4-D @2g per L water and 20L solution per kattha at 35-40 DAS
Apply Pendimethalin @ 1000 g/ha at 0-3 days after sowing in 500-600 litres of water/ha as pre-emergence.
For control of mixed weed population Sulfosulfuron @ 25.0 g/ha in 250-300 litres of water/ha can be sprayed at 30-35 days after seeding. In resistance free area, combination of 2,4-D @ 500 g/ha and isoproturon @ 750 g /ha can also be used.
For control grassy weeds only Clodinafop @ 60 g/ha or Fenoxaprop-ethyl @ 100 g/ha) in 250-300 litres of water/ha should be applied.
If only broadleaved weeds are present then apply 2,4-D @ 500 g/ha or Metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g/ha in 250-300 litres of water/ha

Irrigation

Crown root initiation stage 21 DAS and during flowering(at least these 2) or may be increased to more numbers as per availability of water.

Earthing up and Hoeing

Along with weed management

Harvesting Index

Spike becomes yellow(in most varieties) and awn less spiky. Grains solid and stem hollow.

Harvesting

During morning time by help of manual labour i.e by sickle or by machine

Post Harvest Activities

Stored in cold store with protection from rats

Marketing

Grains are seperated from the cob and marketed in different forms

Insect

Army worm/cut worm
Pink stem borer
Ghujhia weevil
Root-knot nematode
American pod borer
Termites(chlorpyriphos @ 0.9g a.i or endosulfan @ 2.4g a.i/kg seed, be taken up for their management. Seed treatment with thiamethoxam 70WS (Cruiser 70WS) @ 0.7 g a.i./kg seed or Fipronil (Regent 5FS @ 0.3 g a.i./kg seed) is also very effective.)

IPM
T.viride (@4g/kg seed) + carboxin (75WP @1.25g/kg seed) or tebuconazole (@ 1.0g/kg seed) for the control of loose smut, followed by broadcast of insecticide treated soil (with endosulfan 35 EC @ 2.3L or chloropyriphos @ 3L/ha) at 15DAS for termites. For the management of aphids, foliar spray of imidacloprid 200SL @20g a.i./ha on border rows at the start of the aphid colonization be given. This will help in protection of the bioagent insect, the lady bird beetle inside the field which feeds on aphids

Disease

Loose smut: [seed treatment should be done with T. viride @ 4 g / Kg seed in combination with carboxin (Vitavax 75 WP) @ 1.25 g / Kg seed or tebuconazole (Raxil 2 DS) @ 1.0 g / Kg seed. Seed treatment with T. viride alone @ 4 g / Kg seed is also helpful as it reduces the rust severity.]

Karnal bunt: [ one spray of propiconazole (Tilt 25EC) @ 0.1 % (1 ml in 1 Litre water) may be given (in seed crop only) at ear head emergence stage. Two sprays of biocontrol fungus, Trichoderma viride, one before ear head emergence, followed by another spray at ear head emergence stage, provide a non-chemical (biological control) management of disease. One spray of T.viride, followed by one spray of propiconazole (25EC) @ 0.1 % at ear head emergence stage can be given to attain near complete control. Similarly, two sprays of propiconazole, give complete control of KB.]

Powdery mildew: [ one spray of propiconazole (Tilt 25 EC) @ 0.1 % at ear head emergence or appearance of disease (whichever is earlier) is recommended for the powdery mildew prone areas.]

Varieties

Swargadwari( mid and high hills; 700-1400m asl)

Baand Ganga(Terai, Tars; 700m asl)

Danfe(mid and high hills)

Tilotama(Terai and Inner Terai),

Dhaulagiri(mid and high hills),

Gaura(Mid and high hills),

Bijaya(Terai, Tars and 500m asl),

Aditya(Terai, Tars and 500m asl),

Gautam(Terai, Tars and Valleys),

Kanti(Most Hill areas),

Pashang Lhamu(Mid Hills of KTM and Jumla),

Rohini(Terai, tars and less than 1000m asl),

Achyut(Terai, tars and less than 1000m asl)

Recommended Area

Maize

weed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 10:54:36 +0000

Scientific Name

Zea mays

6.0-7.5

Temperature

15-350 C

Rainfall

510-1648 mm

Humidity

60-70%

Altitude

Terai-2900 m asl

Sowing Time

Summer, Winter and Spring Maize sown as per season respectively.

Seed Rate

22-25 kg per ha(for 85% Purity% and 85% Germination %)

Fertilizer Application

100:60:40 NPK N in split doses ½ as basal and remaining 1/4th and 1/4th at 25 DAS and 45-50 DAS
fertiliser requirement may vary as per season in which maize is grown.

Weeds

· Blackjack (Bidens pilosa) · Love grass (Setaria spp) · Wandering Jew (Commelina benghalensis) · Star grass (Cynodon spp) · Witch weed/ Striga (Striga asiatica) · Couch grass (Digitaria spp) · Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta) · Wild oats (Avena spp) · Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) · Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) · Thorn apple (Datura stramonium) · Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) · Pig weed (Amaranthus spp) · Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) · Oxalis (Oxalis spp) · Guinea fowl grass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis)

Weeding

25-30 and 45-40 DAS

Weed Management

Tolkan 1 kg or 2,4-D 0.5 kg in 500 litres of water for land of 1 ha.
Taifazine 2-3kg per 1000 litres for 1 ha or Lasso @4 l per 100 l of water for 1 ha of land

Irrigation

Knee high stage and during tasseling and cob formation stage.

Earthing up and Hoeing

25-30 DAT and 45-50 DAT

Harvesting Index

After fully ripen, maize at bottom of cob have black spot indicating its readiness for harvesting, grains with 50-55% moisture. The cob surrounding leaf become dried and leaves of plant dried ripe

Harvesting

By machine or manual breaking of cob from plant when 30-35% moisture in grains.

Post Harvest Activities

The cob harvested is dried in the sun and grains separated from cob manially and again drying grains in the sun till the moisture% reaches near 12.

Marketing

Grains are seperated from the cob and marketed in different forms. Marketing of Baby corn has recently been popular.

Insect

White grubs, Maize stem borer
Ripcord 100g/l EC and Tamaron SL or 600 Furadan 3G for Stem borer
Malathion E.C. 2 (Malamar)
Carbaryl 50 WP 2 (Hexavin)or biocontrol by Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana

Disease

Northern corn late blight, Smuts, Aschochyta leaf spot
Use of resistant varieties and Fungicide application at V5 and R1 stage of corn.

Varieties

Rampur Hybrid-2,4,6( Terai and Inner Terai during winter)

Arun-3,4,6(Terai, Mid Hills in different seasons)

Khumal Hybrid-2(In Mid Hills during rainy season and in Terai during winter)

Manakamana-3,5,6 (Mid Hills)

Poshilo Makai(East to West)

Shitala( <1600m asl)

Deuti(Mid Hills)

Gaurab Hybrid Maize(Terai, inner terai and valleys)

Ganesh-1(High hills)

Recommended Area

Rice

weed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 10:26:40 +0000

Scientific Name

Oryza sativa

5-6.5

Temperature

25-30 deg. C

Rainfall

1680 mm

Altitude

Terai to 3050 m

Sowing Time

15th of Jestha onwards(Transplanting) for lowland and upland. Chaite dhan are sown in Chaitra 15 and Boro rice i.e winter rice is sown during winter months.

Seed Rate

1 kg per 10 sq.m for raising seedling or 50kg/ha

Fertilizer Application

Terai=> 100:40:30 kg
Hills=> 75:30:20 kg NPK per ha resp.
Split doses of N first half during basal and rest half twice; during tillering and Panicle initiation stage

Weeds

Weeds: Echinocloa, Cyperus, Monochoria

Weeding

Within 30 days of transplanting for SDV.

Weed Management

Broad Leaf and Narrow leaf weeds can be controlled by Butachlor 35 EC @2.5 l in 20 kg sand or butachlor 5% per ha: 15 kg within 3 days of transplantation.

Irrigation

Keep 5cm of water for upto 10 DAT and dry the land for 2-4 days further and keep land submerged again till Flowering for Lowland and for upland irrigation at critical stages.

Earthing up and Hoeing

30-45 DAT

Harvesting Index

Panicle drooping and Yellowing in the field (not in green varieties). Grains are solid and shatter upon shaking

Harvesting

Cut with sickle or harvest by combined harvester.

Post Harvest Activities

Trampling by bullocks thereafter. Dry in sun for few days till moisture falls down to 13%.

Marketing

Packed in jute sacks and stored in cool store room for marketing.

Insect

Leaf roller(during sunshine in Chaite Rice), Bugs(Grain Filling stage)
Democrin 1ml/L of water @20litre per ropani

Disease

Rice Blast (Esp. in seedling nursery of Mansuli)
Bavistin @2g per Litre of warer and spray 15 l of solution

Varieties

Hardinath-1(Terai,Inner Terai), Radha-14(Terai, Inner Terai), Sukkha Dhan-4,5,6(Terai, Unirrigated Inner Terai and Mid Hills) , Swarna sub-1(Terai, Inner Terai and Mid Hills)Tarahara -1(Mid and Eastern Terai), Hardinath-2(Terai and inner Terai), Ghaiya -1(Unirrigated upland Terai and Mid Hills), Mithila(Terai), Ram ( Mid Terai, Makwanpur, Chitwan and Nawalparasi’s Siwalik Region), Pokhreli Jetho Budho(600-900m asl Pokhara and surrounding regions), Chandannath -1,3 (Jumla and 2300m asl), Rampur Mansuli(Central and Western Development region Terai part, Inner Terai and 900m asl; Irrigated/semi irrigated)

Recommended Area