Inner Terai

Tulsi

seed — Fri, 31 Aug 2018 12:33:00 +0000

Scientific Name

Ocimum oC

6-7.5

Temperature

21oC

Rainfall

high rainfall

Humidity

adequate humidity

Altitude

upto 900 m

Sowing Time

mid february

Seed Rate

For sowing of one hectare about 300g of seeds are required

Spacing

rows 90cm apart at rate of 12 to 15 every 30 cm and cover with soil cover seeds with ¼ inch compost ; sow depth of 2 cm and transplanted at a spacing of 40 × 40 cm, 40 × 50 cm and 50 × 30 cm

Fertilizer Application

Farm yard manure / compost are to be applied at 10 t/ha before planting.
Regarding the inorganic fertilizers application of 120:60:60 kg/ha of NPK is recommended
Half the dose of N and the entire dose of P2O5 and K2O should be given as a basal dose, the remaining N is applied in two split doses after first and second cuttings.

Weeding

first weeding is done one month after planting the second after another 30 days.

Weed Management

no chemical fertilizers used

Irrigation

rrigation is provided twice a week till one month so that the plants establish themselves well. Later, it is given at weekly interval depending upon the rainfall and soil moisture status.

Earthing up and Hoeing

One hoeing and earthing up operation is required at two months after planting.

Harvesting Index

The first harvest is done after 90 days of planting and subsequently it may be harvested at every 75 days interval.

Harvesting

The crop is harvested at full bloom stage by cutting the plants at 15 cm from ground level to ensure good regeneration for further harvests. The yield and oil content is more in plants harvested during bring sunny days.

Recommended Area

Terai

Inner Terai

Potato

aayush — Mon, 06 Aug 2018 12:08:21 +0000

Scientific Name

Solanum tuberosum

5 to 5.5

Temperature

Maximum 30-32°C and minimum 18-20°C Young plants - 24°C Later stage - 18°C Tuber production - 20°C

Sowing Time

Teri, inner terai, basins and valleys – Ashoj-Mangsir Mid hills – Poush-Marg High hills – Falgun-Chaitra

Seed Rate

20-25 quintals per hectare Cut seed or small whole tuber (Saves labor for cutting, prevents seed from rotting in early crop) of ½ to 2 ounces’ size

Spacing

Plant to plant – 20-25cm Row to row – 60-70cm (Provide extra spacing for large varieties) Depth of planting: 4 inches

Fertilizer Application

Apply 20-30 tonnes of well decomposed FYM 2 weeks prior to planting and at the time of planting
Fertilizers: 150-200kg Nitrogen in 3 split application (at basal (1/2) and then twice at the time of earthing up), 75-100kg Phosphorus 150-175kg Potassium, 90kg CaO, and 30kg MgO.

Weed Management

Polyethylene mulch to prevent weeds in rainfed conditions
Hand weeding when the plants are small
Pendimethalin (0.5kg/ha) – pre-emergence
Alachlor – 1-1.5kg/ha
Simazine – 0.5kg/ha
Deep ploughing, timely sowing, band or pocket application of Nitrogen, furrow irrigation, paired rows, intercropping, crop rotation are some common practices.

Irrigation

First light irrigation immediately after planting, drip irrigation can be adapted Then after 30 days in 1-week interval, decrease irrigation after tuber formation Moderate soils – 3 to 4 irrigation Sandy soil – 8 to 12 irrigation

Earthing up and Hoeing

When the plants are 15-22cm high Two weeks after first earthing

Harvesting Index

Haulms start yellowing and falling on the ground

Harvesting

15 days after cutting the haulms (dehaulming) start harvesting – 60-70 DAP Mature potatoes – 15 weeks after planting

Insect

Epilachna beetles, cutworms, Aphids, Leaf hoppers, White grub, Potato tuber moth

Disease

Late blight, Early blight, Black scurf, Bacterial wilt and brown rot, wart disease, mosaic, leaf roll, Common scab

Varieties

Cuphijyoti (high hill, mid hills)

Cuphrisundari (terai, inner terai, river basins, valley)

Dejire, Janakdev, Khumal seto 1, Khumal rato 2, Khumal laxmi, IPY8, Khumal ujjwal, Khumal upahar

Registered – TPS 1, TPS 2

True potato seed/Seedling tuber – HPS 11/67, HPS 7/67, HPS 1/13

Recommended Area

sugarcane

seed — Mon, 30 Jul 2018 15:52:06 +0000

Scientific Name

Saccharum officinarum

about 6.5

Temperature

32° to 38°c. It slows down below 25°

Rainfall

at least 1,500 millimeters of rain each year

Humidity

High humidity (80-85%) favours rapid cane elongation during grand growth period. A moderate value of 45-65% coupled with limited water supply is favourable during the ripening phase.

Altitude

Nepal ranks 41st in sugarcane production (2.93 million tons

Sowing Time

i) Early : Dec - Jan ii) Mid : Feb - March iii) Late: April - May, also during June-July

Seed Rate

STP or single eyed set method 750-1MT seed per acre is required.

Spacing

flat bed method: Shallow furrows( 8-10 cm deep) are opened with a local plough or cultivator at a distance of 75 – 90 cm, rige and furrow method: The furrows are made in ‘v’ shape about 80-100 cm. Pit to pit spacing- 1.5x1.5 m

Fertilizer Application

Apply FYM at 12.5 t/ha or compost 25 t/ha.
250:125:125 NPK kg/ha

Weeds

Cynodon dactylon, Sorghum halepense, Panicum spp., Dactylocterium aegyptium, Chenapodium album, Convolvulus arvensis L., Amaranthus viridis

Weeding

3-4 hoeing are required after every irrigation during tillering phase of crop to check crop-weed competition.

Weed Management

Mulch the ridges uniformly with cane trash to a thickness of 10 cm within a week after planting. Pre-emergence application of simazine or atrazine at 1.5-2.0 kg/ha or metribuzine at 1.0 kg/ha or diuron at 2.5-3.0 kg/ha or ametryn at 2.0 kg/ha each followed by 2, 4-D at 0.75-1.0 kg/ha as post-effective for broad-spectrum weed control in sugarcane.
1

Irrigation

Sugarcane requires a lot of water to grow as most C4 plants usually do. But during ripening period high rainfall is not desirable because it leads to poor juice quality, encourages vegetative growth, formation of water shoots and increase in the tissue moisture.

Earthing up and Hoeing

The partial earthing-up is done at 45 days after planting. Full earthing-up is done after 120 days after planting coinciding with the peak tiller population stage. At 150 days after planting, earthing up may be done with spade.

Harvesting Index

approximately 7 to 9 months to mature, or be ready for consumption, Cane harvesting is conducted when the sugar concentration reaches its highest rates

Harvesting

A cane harvester is used to cut down the full stalks, and cut them into smaller sections (around 30 cm).

Marketing

Nepal ranks 41st in sugarcane production (2.93 million tons)

Insect

Early Shoot Borer, Internode Borer, Top Borer, Scale Insect, termites, ants, whitefly

Disease

Red rot, Wilt, Grassy shoot, Smut, Leaf scald disease, Red striped disease, Mosaic disease, Rust, Sugarcane yellow leaf disease

Varieties

Jitpur-4 (Terai and Inner Terai)

Jitpur-3 (Terai and Inner Terai)

Jiptur-2 (Eastern, Mid & Western Terai)

Jitpur-1 (Eastern, Mid & Western Terai)

Recommended Area

Terai

Inner Terai

Amla

seed — Sun, 29 Jul 2018 11:21:03 +0000

Scientific Name

Embelica officinalis

6.5-9.5

Temperature

tolerates freezing temperatures to 46oC

Rainfall

Annual rainfall of 630-800 mm

Sowing Time

July to September

Seed Rate

500gm/ha

Spacing

4.5m x 4.5m

Fertilizer Application

15 kg FYM
225 N
300 P
120 K kg/ha

Weeding

Do frequent weedings to make field weed free. Training and pruning is also done. Criss cross branches are cut and only 4-5 straight branches are left behind for further growth.

Weed Management

Mulching is also an effective way to control soil weeds

Irrigation

require watering during summer months at 15 days interval till they are fully established; in winter, give water through drips @25-30litres/day/tree in October-December month. In monsoon month, it does not require irrigation.

Harvesting Index

The fruits are harvested during February when they become dull g reenish yellow from light green.

Harvesting

harvested using long bamboo poles attached with hooks, by vigorous shaking.

Post Harvest Activities

fter harvesting, grading is done. Then fruits are packed in bamboo baskets or crates or wooden boxes. For the less spoilage of crop perfect packing is done and quick transport is required.

Marketing

Amla pickle, Amla burfi, Murraba & Laddu, Chyawanprash

Insect

Gall caterpillar, Bark Eating Caterpillar : Application of quinalphos @0.01% or fenvalerate @0.05% is given in their holes to protect from insect.

Disease

Rust, Internal necrosis, Fruit rot

Varieties

Banarasi

Chakaiya

Francis

NA-4 (Krishna)

NA-5 (Kanchan)

NA-6

NA-7 (Promising variety)

NA-10

BSR-1 (Bhavanisagar).

Recommended Area

Terai

Inner Terai

Cotton

weed — Sat, 28 Jul 2018 05:33:53 +0000

Scientific Name

Gossypium hirsutum

5.5-8.5

Temperature

Seed Germination [16-34 deg. C] Veg. Growth and Dev. [ 25-30 deg. C] Flowering and fruiting [26-32 deg. C] and ensure that "Night should be cool"

Rainfall

at least 500mm of well distributed rainfall [500-1500]

Altitude

Terai and Inner Terai range

Sowing Time

Ashar-Shrawan

Seed Rate

25-30 kg per ha

Fertilizer Application

FYM/ Compost 10-15 t/ha and 60:40:20 kg NPK per ha.
66% of N and whole P and K as basal and remaining dose of Nitrogen is applied during squaring.

Weeds

Giant ragweed, Palmer amaranth

Weeding

20-40 DAS is critical stage for weeding

Weed Management

Smoothering of weeds by mulching with straw / plastic sheets etc.
Use power of hand operated implements for maintaining crop weeed free for initial 8
– 9 weeks DAS.
Pre – emergence application of pendimethalin (0.75 to 1.25 kg a.i/ha) or alachlor (
2.0 – 2.5 kg a.i/ha) or diuron ( 0.75 to 1.5 kg a.i./ha ) or trifluralin ( 0.96 to 1.2 kg
a.i/ha) or pre – plant incorporation of fluchloralin ( 0.9 to 1.2 kg a.i/ha) control both
types of weeds effectively.
At post emergence stage (1.5 to 30 DAS ) Paraquate @ 0.3 – 0.5 lit. a.i/ha may be
applied as direct spray.

Irrigation

Total irrigations 2-10 [ before flowering, during flowering and fruiting and during ripening]

Earthing up and Hoeing

Inter cultivation depends on no. of irrigations, generally carried out after each irrigation.

Harvesting Index

After balls open.

Harvesting

2-3 months for maturation of bolls. It is picked 3-4 times in case of hand picking and 2-3 times in case of mechanised harvesting. First picking when 30-40% of bolls open, second when 30-40% of bolls left after first pickings are opened and third harvest at 2-3 weeks of second picking.

Post Harvest Activities

Cotton bolls are taken safely preventing any contact to moisture and ginning/ delinting action is carried out. The lint and fuzz are used to make various byproducts with lint being of rather a superior quality.

Marketing

Cotton clothes and other byproducts of fuzz are marketed.

Insect

American Bollworm, Pink Bollworm, Spotted/Spiny Bollworm, Aphids, Jassids, Whitefly, Thrips, Red Cotton Bug (Stainer), Leaf worm / Semiloopers
Controlled by seed treatment with Trichoderma spp. @ 4 gm per kg. of seed after acid delinting for soil and seed borne diseases.
Use selective insecticides (Endosulfan) during early fruiting phase of crop growth.
Alternate with various chemical groups (Cyclodine, Organophosphates, Carbamates, Pyrethroids and insect growth regulator).Pyrethroids usage should be restricted to twice (1-2) in the cropping period depending on the incidence of spotted and pink bollworms. Whitefly controlled by . Acetamiprid 30 – 40 gram a.i. / ha ; Thiomethoxam 25 gram a.i / ha

Disease

Angular Leaf Spot or Black Arm Disease
Vascular Wilt Disease
Grey Mildew or Dahiya Disease
Anthracnose Disease
Root Rot Disease
Boll Rot Disease
Leaf Spot or Blight Disease
Reddening or Lalya Disease
2, 4-D Injury Disease
Tobaaco Streak Virus Disease

Virus can be eliminated by taking prevention from their carriers and fungal diseases can be prevented by seed treatment with appropriate fungicides.
The most common problem of boll rot is controlled as: Spray Fenvalerate 75 g a.i./ha + Copper oxychloride 0.2% or Carbendazim 0.1% or Mancozeb ) 0.2% from 45th day at 15 days interval. Two or three sprays are necessary.

Varieties

Tamcot SP-37(Terai and Inner Terai of Mid and Far Western Development Region)

H-777

F-1054

H-1098

H-1054

Recommended Area

Terai

Inner Terai

Mustard

seed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 18:00:54 +0000

Scientific Name

Brassica Campestris

6.5-7.5

Temperature

15° C to 25° C temperature is suitable. For germination stightly high tempratine (27° C) and for growth low temperature is required

Rainfall

areas having 75 to 100cm altitude

Sowing Time

September - October to February - March.

Seed Rate

10-15 Kg/ha

Fertilizer Application

Apply 15 - 20 tonnes of FYM or compost at the time of field preparation.
i. Unirrigated: 40kg nitrogen, 20kg phosphate and 20kg potash.
ii. Irrigated: 40kg nitrogen, 30kg phosphate and 40kg potash.

Weeds

Chenopo dium album (bathua), Lathyrus spp. (chatrimatri), Melilotus indica (senji), Cirsium arvense (kateli), Fumaria parviflora (gajri) and Cyperus rotundus (motha)

Weeding

Weeding and thinning out should be done after third week of sowing. Another weeding should be done in the 6th week of sowing.

Weed Management

application of Nitrofen at the rate of 1-1.5 kg a.i. per hectare or Isoproturon 1 kg a.i. per hectare in 800-1000 litres of water as pre-emergence spray; Spray 2.2 lit fluchlorolin 45 EC mixed with 800lit of water per hectare. After spraying mix the top soil by hoeing.

Irrigation

Two irrigations at pre - bloom and pod filling stages are beneficial.

Earthing up and Hoeing

hand hoeing and thinning out should be done after third week of sowing

Harvesting Index

As soon as the pods turn yellowish - brown, harvest the crop. The crop is liable to shattering, so no delay harvest.

Post Harvest Activities

The harvested crop should be stacked in threshing floor for - 6 days before threshing. The threshed grain is separated from the husk with the help of slow moving natural air current. Cleaned seed must be dried in the sun for four to five days or till the moisture content comes down to 8 percent.mustard has a storage life of 6 - 9 months or sometimes even longer.

Marketing

rapeseed is produced for birdseed and oil for industrial purposes. Industrial varieties of rapeseed are used for non-edible purposes such as lubricants, hydraulic fluids and plastics

Insect

Mustard Sawfly, Mustard aphid, painted bug, cabbage butterfly.
Malathion 50 E.C. in 700 litres of water per hectare or Dimecron 100 ml per hectare; Use healthy seeds for sowing.

Disease

Alternaria Blight, Downy Mildew, White Blister
To control white rust and powdery mildew treat 1kg with 1.5gms metalaxyl, Use seed with high germination (over 90%). Swath badly infected crops early to minimize shattering losses and seed shrinkage due to black spot.

Varieties

Krishna (Terai, Inner Terai)

Pusa Bold (Terai, Inner Terai)

Recommended Area

Terai

Inner Terai

Rapeseed

seed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 17:37:36 +0000

Scientific Name

Brassica napus

6.5-7.5

Temperature

15° C to 25° C temperature is suitable. For germination slightly high tempratine (27° C) and for growth low temperature is required

Rainfall

areas having 75 to 100cm altitude

Sowing Time

September - October to February - March.

Seed Rate

10-15 Kg/ha

Fertilizer Application

i. Unirrigated: 40kg nitrogen, 20kg phosphate and 20kg potash.
ii. Irrigated: 40kg nitrogen, 30kg phosphate and 40kg potash.
Apply 15 - 20 tonnes of FYM or compost at the time of field preparation.

Weeds

Chenopo dium album (bathua), Lathyrus spp. (chatrimatri), Melilotus indica (senji), Cirsium arvense (kateli), Fumaria parviflora (gajri) and Cyperus rotundus (motha)

Weeding

Weeding and thinning out should be done after third week of sowing. Another weeding should be done in the 6th week of sowing.

Weed Management

Irrigation

Two irrigations at pre - bloom and pod filling stages are beneficial.

Earthing up and Hoeing

hand hoeing and thinning out should be done after third week of sowing

Harvesting Index

As soon as the pods turn yellowish - brown, harvest the crop. The crop is liable to shattering, so no delay harvest.

Post Harvest Activities

Marketing

rapeseed is grown for the production of animal feed, edible vegetable oils, and biodiesel

Insect

Mustard Sawfly, Mustard aphid, painted bug, cabbage butterfly.
Malathion 50 E.C. in 700 litres of water per hectare or Dimecron 100 ml per hectare; Use healthy seeds for sowin

Disease

lternaria Blight, Downy Mildew, White Blister
To control white rust and powdery mildew treat 1kg with 1.5gms metalaxyl, Use seed with high germination (over 90%). Swath badly infected crops early to minimize shattering losses and seed shrinkage due to black spot.

Varieties

Morang Tori(Terai and Innar Terai)

Preeti (Irrigated Terai and Inner Terai )

Unnati(Terai, Inner Terai and Irrigated Valley)

Pragati(Terai, Inner Terai & Mid)

Lumle Tori (Mid-High Hill)

Bikash (Terai, Inner Terai)

Recommended Area

Sesame

seed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 17:11:28 +0000

Scientific Name

Sesamum indicum

5.5 to 8.2

Temperature

24-32°C

Rainfall

rainfall of 625-1100mm

Altitude

tropical and subtropical areas up to an elevation of about 1200 metres

Sowing Time

May - June

Seed Rate

2 - 4 kg/ha

Fertilizer Application

Basal application of 4 t of FYM, 16-8-8 Kg N:P, 2O-5 K2O/ha and top dress 6 kg N 30-35 DAS and 60-65 DAS

Weeds

Corchorus olitorius, Amaranthus viridis, Chloris barbata, cynodon, cyperus, celosia

Weeding

two weedings, one after 15 DAS and another 35 DAS are required

Weed Management

If necessary, Alachlor (1.0) or Thiobencarb (2.0) can be used as PRE spray for effective control of weeds. Use of PRE herbicides followed by on hand weeding around 30 DAS is the most appropriate way of weed management in sesame.

Irrigation

at 7 day interval

Earthing up and Hoeing

2 - 4 ploughings and leveling with 2 harrowings adopting 30x15 cm spacing, Thinning should be done 15 DAS and harrowing at 20 - 25 DAS

Harvesting Index

Harvest when 75% pods turn yellow in a spike

Harvesting

one of the gentlest crops on harvesting, snap the main stem over a finger or invert the capsule and press the capsule between your fingers cracking the capsule to release the seed

Post Harvest Activities

Thresh after drying for 5 - 6 days and store the seed with 8% moisture

Insect

Semilooper and pod borer, Gallfly, Bihari hairy caterpillar
Spray Monocrotophos

Disease

Alternria, phyllody, powdery mildew, root and stem rot
Treat the seed with Thiram or Captan or Carbendazim @ 3 g/kg.
* Spray Copper oxy chloride or Mancozeb3g/l.
Removal and destruction of affected plants

Varieties

Nawalpur Khairo Til (Terai, Inner Terai)

Nawalpur Jhuse Til (Terai, Inner Terai)

Recommended Area

Terai

Inner Terai

Groundnut

seed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 16:00:36 +0000

Scientific Name

Arachis hypogaea

5.5 to 7.0

Temperature

opt: 30oc, not below 15oc and above 35oc

Rainfall

evenly distributed rainfall of 400-500 mm

Altitude

upto an altitude of 1000 metres

Sowing Time

as a rainfed kharif crop, being sown from May to June

Seed Rate

eed requirement of bunch type groundnut is 100-110 kg/h a while a seed rate of 95-100 kg/ha spacing; recommended is 45 cm x 10 cm or 30 cm x 15 cm

Fertilizer Application

20-40:40-90:(20-40) kg/ha NPK/ha
gypsum @250kg/ha
sulphur @30kg/ha

Weeds

Amaranthusviridis (JangliChaulai) Boerhaaviadiffusa (Vishakhapra) Cyperusrotundus (Motha) Cyperusesculentus (Yellow nut sedge) Cynodondactylon (Doob grass)

Weeding

Hand weeding is done twice, first around 20 days af ter sowing and second at about 35 days after sowing

Weed Management

Pendimethalin @1.0-2.0 kg a.i./ha Pre-emergence
Oxyfluorfen @0.25-0.50 kg a.i./ha

Irrigation

no necessity for irrigation or rainfall up to 25 days after emergence ; Flowering (20-40 DAS), pod formation and developmen t (40-70 DAS) and pod filling and maturation (70-100 DAS) are most sensitive to s oil moisture stress

Earthing up and Hoeing

Intercultivation usually starts around 10 days afte r emergence and continues up to 35 DAS at 7– 10 days interval till pegging begins

Harvesting Index

harvesting should be do ne when 75 - 80% of pods are fully mature. The important indications of maturity are y ellowing of foliage, dropping of old leaves, pods become very ha rd and tough

Harvesting

pull the plants, shed off the extra soil. hang the plants in sunlight to dry for two weeks and remove the pods.

Post Harvest Activities

store in well ventillated mesh bags. can be roasted or boiled.

Marketing

extensive use as a cooking medium both as refined oil and Vanaspati Ghee

Insect

Aphids, Red hairy caterpiller, Termites, Leaf -miner
Dusting B.H.C 10% on the young larve or spraying Metasystox) 0.05% on grown up catrepillers is recomended for controlling the red hairy caterpiller. Spot-treatment with Phorate or Mephospholan granules at the rate of 1.5 kg a.i. per ha into the soil before planting is recomended for controlling the white grub

Disease

Bud-rot, Collar-rot, Mosaic, Rosette, Tikka disease,
treat the seed with Thiram or Captan 3 g/kg of seed, Control aphids and jassids with an insecticidal spray to arrest the spread of the disease

Varieties

Baidehi (Terai, Inner Terai)

Rajharshi (Terai, Inner Terai)

Jayanti (Terai, Inner Terai & Mid hill)

Jyoti (Terai, Inner Terai & Mid hill)

Janak (Terai, Inner Terai & Mid hill)

B-4 (Terai, Inner Terai & Mid hill)

Recommended Area

Terai

Inner Terai

Mid Hills

Sunflower

seed — Fri, 27 Jul 2018 14:20:02 +0000

Scientific Name

Helianthus annuus

6.5-8.0

Temperature

growing period: 20 to 25 o C, flowering should not exceed 38 o C

Rainfall

300-500mm

Humidity

High humidity to be avoided duirng flower set

Sowing Time

1st week of October to Middle of November

Seed Rate

5-6 kg/ha; 60cm * 20cm spacing

Fertilizer Application

15-20 tonnes FYM/ha
irrigated- 65:35:35 NPK kg/ha
Rainfed- 45:55:45 NPK kg/ha

Weeds

Corchorus olitorius, Amaranthus viridis, Chloris barbata, cynodon, cyperus, celosia

Weeding

Provide two hoeings followed by one hand weeding at an interval of 15 days commencing from 15-20 DAS followed by one hand weeding and interculture at 35 DA

Weed Management

alachlor or pendimethalin or fluchloralin at the rate of 1.5 kg a.i./ha in 600 litres of water as pre-emergence spray on the same evening after sowing

Irrigation

3-4 irrigations at 35, 75, 110 days followed along grain filling stage

Earthing up and Hoeing

Hoe and hand weed on the 15th and 30th day of sowing and remove the weeds, Earthing up may be done when the crop is 60-70 cm tall

Harvesting Index

when the back of heads turn yellow and bracts brownish

Harvesting

cut the stem one inch below the head

Post Harvest Activities

Thresh after drying for 2 - 3 days and store the seed with 9 - 10% moisture

Marketing

800-1000 kg/ha harvest

Insect

Sunflower moth
Banded sunflower moth
Sunflower midge
Sunflower beetle
Sunflower stem weevil
Red sunflower seed weevil
Follow clean cultivation by keeping bunds and ; Apply methyl parathion 2% dust @ 25 kg/ha; Collect and destroy egg masses and early stage larvs;

Disease

Downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedi)
Powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum)
Leaf spot (Septoria helianthi)
Verticillium wilt
Rust
Sclerotinia head and stem ro
Phoma black stem

Treat the seed with captan/thiram @ 2.5 g, Removal and destruction of crop residues, Seed treatment with imiodacloprid @ 5 g/kg of seed

Varieties

BSH-1, KBSH-1, IV1SFH-17, Jwalamukhi, Sungene-SS, PAC-36, TNAUSUF-7

Recommended Area

Terai

Inner Terai

Mid Hills